It’s never too soon to create an advance care plan

I haven’t met anyone yet who wants to create an advance care plan. It means anticipating your death, and details about your care at end of life. Many of us avoid thinking about that and avoid even more having a conversation about it with those we love. At the same time, there is incredible relief for adult sons and daughters when their parents have done advance care planning. The ideal is that parents have done this planning and you have had conversations with them about end of life care and wishes.

What exactly is advance care planning?

You may have heard of an advance care plan but may not be sure what it is. Advance care planning helps a person decide what their wishes are for end of life care. An actual plan communicates those decisions to others. In this way, it ensures that your needs and wishes are met should you be unable to speak or communicate for yourself. It also relieves others of having to make these decisions at this emotionally laden and difficult time.

Imagine (sorry) that your mom or dad is palliative/at end of life. Imagine that they are unable to communicate.

Consider the following questions:

Do you know whether they would like to be cared for at home, in hospice or in hospital?
Do you know if they would want or not want certain medical procedures? (for example, CPR, feeding tubes)?
Do you know what they are most afraid of in terms of the physical process of dying (such as being in pain, not being able to breathe)?
Do you know what would be meaningful for them at end of life (for example, spiritual guidance, role of family and friends, music, etc.)?

If you don’t have answers to these questions, then it is time to muster up the courage to begin this conversation with your parents.

Five steps to create an advance care plan

1. Make it personal

Talk about situations that you and/or your parents have experienced with others, and ask them how they felt about the decisions made. For example, “Remember when Uncle Joe was admitted to the hospital and had a feeding tube put it. What do you think about that?”

2. Discuss end-of-life palliative care options and medical procedures

There are many different medical procedures and types of equipment that might be used at the end of life such as a ventilator, kidney dialysis, a feeding tube, or CPR. Some people may want these procedures to help extend their life while others may not. It is important to know that the person who is dying will always be given medicine and treatment to relieve unpleasant symptoms such as pain or nausea.

3. Help appoint a ‘Substitute Decision Maker’

A Substitute Decision Maker is someone who will make medical decisions if your mom or dad is unable to make them on their own. This is something that needs to be part of the advance care plan and needs to be carefully thought through before appointing someone. The person chosen should be the one who is the most capable of honouring and making medical decisions on behalf of your mom or dad. For example, if there are siblings, there may be one who will be better suited given that this will be an emotional and stressful time.

In Canada, this person will be the Substitute Decision Maker or the Medical Proxy, Health Representative or Agent, or Power of Attorney for Personal Care depending on your province or territory. The legal requirements regarding the appointment of a Substitute Decision Maker vary across Canada you should consult the list of provincial/territorial resources.

4. Write down or record their wishes

Help your mom and/or dad write down or make a recording (or video) talking about what they would want if they were at the end of life.

Also, document any other wishes for care at the end of life such as dying at home, receiving hospice/palliative care, having music playing, performing specific religious rituals, and so on. You may want to use a template or workbook to document these wishes .An Advance Care Plan Template or Workbook can help document these wishes.

Consider who else should know about the details of the advance care plan. The primary doctor should have a copy, and perhaps lawyers or other financial and legal professionals.

5. Review the advance care plan document regularly

Just as life changes, so may advance life and palliative care wishes. Talk about the end-of-life advance care plan from time to time to see if any components need to be updated or if there are any new concerns to consider. Then be sure to share these changes with the person’s health care team or Palliative Care Team.

During each advance care plan review, it is also important to confirm that the substitute decision maker is still able to perform that duty.

When is the best time to create an advance care plan? When you are younger and your health is quite good. So, ahem, maybe you want to start by creating your own advance care plan and sharing it with your parents. Wouldn’t that be an interesting conversation?

Bookmark this page for the future AND flag one thing you can do today to start this planning.